The skin barrier
The skin barrier: structure, protection, and care
The skin barrier is a highly intelligent system consisting of keratin, lipids, water, and natural moisturizing factors that protects our skin from drying out and keeps it smooth, supple, and healthy.
The most important building blocks of the skin barrier
- Keratin – stability through corneocytes
The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, consists mainly of keratin. This structural protein gives dead corneocytes their resistance. These corneocytes form a dense, protective layer that is constantly renewed as old cells are shed and replaced by new ones.
- Lipids – the “cement” of the skin
During the keratinization process, lamellar lipid bilayers are formed, which hold the corneocytes together. This lipid matrix consists of:
- Cholesterol
- Free fatty acids
- Ceramides
- Sphingolipids
- Phospholipids
- Triglycerides
- Squalene
Another important source of fat is sebum, which contains similar components. These lipids are essential for the barrier function and maintenance of skin moisture.
- NMF – Natural Moisturizing Factor
During keratinization, natural moisturizing factors are also produced, consisting of:
- Amino acids
- Urea
- Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
- Lactic acid
- Sodium lactate
- Glucosamine
These water-soluble substances bind moisture and maintain the elasticity and suppleness of the skin.
- Water – protection through imperceptible loss
Trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) is a natural process in healthy skin. During this process, water and metabolic products are slowly released through the epidermis. This fluid contains, among other things:
- Salts
- Urea
- Amino acids
- Lactic acid
- Fatty acids
- The skin’s own emulsion – the hydrolipid film
The combination of lipids, sweat, and water forms a natural oil-in-water emulsion that:
- Smoothes the skin’s surface
- Reduces water evaporation
- Prevents the penetration of dirt, microorganisms, and chemicals
Stress on the skin barrier
The skin barrier is challenged every day. Various influences can throw it off balance:
External factors:
- Dry climate
- Cold
- UV radiation
Internal factors:
- Skin aging (reduced lipid and sebum production)
- Aggressive cleansing (e.g. with harsh surfactants)
These factors lead to a decrease in moisture retention factors and skin lipids. The result: dryness, tightness, increased flaking, cracks and even inflammation.
Active ingredients to strengthen the skin barrier
Targeted care can restore and strengthen the barrier function. Here are some proven active ingredients:
Trimoist KMF – Multi-complex for immediate hydration
INCI: Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate (and) Cetyl Alcohol (and) Olus Oil (and) others
Description: White, viscous cream gel, water-soluble
Concentration: 1–5%
Effect:
- Immediate & long-lasting hydration
- 24-hour moisture
- Protection of the hydrolipid film
- Tested on sensitive skin
Mode of action:
Contains plant lipids, moisturizing factors, and film-forming polysaccharides. Skin smoothness, elasticity, and moisture are significantly improved.
Baker’s yeast – support from beta-glucans
Key ingredients:
- Sodium carboxymethyl β-glucan (CM-Glucan Granulate)
- Magnesium carboxymethyl β-glucan (CM-Glucan Forte)
Properties:
- Restores the moisture barrier
- Reduces wrinkles
- Protection against oxidative stress
- Improvement of skin regeneration
Concentration: 0.02–0.1%
Form: Powder, water-soluble, alcohol-free
Lipobelle Glacier – Glacier water in liposomes
INCI: Lecithin (and) Alcohol (and) Aqua
Trade name: Lipobelle™ Glacier
Concentration: 1–5%
Effect:
- Strengthens and repairs the skin barrier
- Refreshing skin feeling
- 24-hour moisture
Special feature:
The glacier water from the Valais Alps is encapsulated in liposomes, increases the barrier function and provides visible freshness.
PolyFructol Plus – chicory root extract for wash products
INCI (oP version): Inulin, glycerin, lecithin, xanthan gum, aqua, etc.
Concentration: 0.1–5%
Properties:
- Oligosaccharide inulin, extracted from chicory roots
- Intensive moisture retention (48-hour effect)
- Also effective in rinse-off products
- Maintains skin elasticity despite cleansing stress
AquaCacteen – prickly pear for sensitive skin
INCI: Opuntia Ficus-Indica Stem Extract + Glycerin / Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Concentration: 0.5–2%
Effect:
- Moisturizing and soothing
- Ideal for shaving, UV stress, sensitive skin
- Contains valuable mucilage, minerals, and vitamins
Conclusion: Strengthens the skin barrier – increases well-being
An intact skin barrier is essential for healthy, beautiful skin. Caring for it requires a combination of moisturizing, lipid-boosting, and protective active ingredients.
Cosmacon GmbH offers comprehensive consulting and develops customized cosmetic products using innovative raw materials such as Trimoist KMF, CM-glucans, and Lipobelle Glacier. These specifically strengthen the skin barrier and contribute to long-lasting skin health – scientifically proven and formulated to be skin-friendly. Contact us!
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✨ Our partner Tojo Cosmetics offers innovative, active ingredient-rich private label products – quickly available, high quality and perfect for brands that want to impress with passion and quality.