Lactoferrin
Introduction: The importance of lactoferrin
When we hear the term lactoferrin, two things spontaneously come to mind: milk and iron. And indeed, lactoferrin is derived from the Latin words ‘lacteus’ (milk) and ‘ferrum’ (iron). We are dealing here with a protein from the transferrin family that occurs in mammals, including humans. It is produced in the body by mucosal epithelium and neutrophils, and these cells then release it in response to inflammatory stimulators.
Occurrence of lactoferrin
We find higher concentrations especially in breast milk and colostrum, and lower levels in our bile, tears, lung mucus and saliva. The iron-binding protein is one of the reasons why breastfeeding is so important for babies. By absorbing breast milk, it strengthens the immune system of the little ones and acts as their first line of defence against inflammation, viruses and bacteria. Colostrum contains up to eight milligrams of lactoferrin, while breast milk still contains four milligrams. If, for whatever reason, you are unable to breastfeed your baby, you need not fear for the health of your little one, as the protein is normally added to industrially manufactured infant formula. In 2009, a comprehensive study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association even showed that lactoferrin administration can significantly reduce the risk of sepsis in underweight newborns, and thus also sepsis-associated mortality.
In addition, the protein regulates iron transport and boosts iron utilisation. Compared to other transferrins, lactoferrin can bind iron up to 300 times more strongly. When ingested together with iron, it ensures a particularly high absorption of the trace element in the intestine. In this way, blood values such as the haemoglobin value can be very well stabilised, for example as part of diet management for iron deficiency anaemia or iron absorption disorders. It is noteworthy that even small amounts of lactoferrin have an impressive biological activity.
Production and application
Lactoferrin is usually obtained from skimmed cow’s milk or whey, whereby the physiological activity is preserved as much as possible, and is available in capsule form, among other things. It can sometimes also be found in chewing gum, functional food and sports nutrition. It is a white to light yellow powder, slightly soluble in water and odourless. The taste is described as pleasant.
What does all this have to do with cosmetics? Quite a lot, because lactoferrin also has an extremely positive effect on the skin!
Lactoferrin and its effect in cosmetics
The protein is a very strong antioxidant that cannot stop skin aging, but can at least slow it down because it protects the skin from harmful free radicals. In this way, it helps to reduce wrinkles or stop them from forming. At the same time, it defends against attacks on the skin by bacteria or other microorganisms, which means it also serves as a natural and gentle antibiotic. Those suffering from acne or other skin diseases should consider supporting their therapy with a lactoferrin-containing supplement, because in many cases it leads to good results.
Several years ago, Filipino scientists investigated the effect of the protein on acne. They used it in combination with vitamin E and zinc. After just two weeks, the test subjects showed a significant reduction in skin lesions, and after ten weeks the difference was most pronounced compared to the placebo-based control group. In comparison to the control group, a 44 per cent reduction in inflammatory lesions was observed, and comedones also decreased by 32.5 per cent. (Source: )
No adverse effects were observed at any time during the study. For scientists, this makes lactoferrin a potential alternative to the classic standard treatment for acne, but it can also be used as an adjunctive therapy. However, overdoses should be avoided.
Furthermore, the protein is able to protect the skin from UV rays and thus also from sun damage. It strengthens the skin and can contribute to a healthy, fresh and youthful appearance, especially since it also has a moisturising effect. This effect optimally supplies the skin with moisture, so that it remains supple and elastic for a long time. In addition, the occasional use of a peel with lactoferrin is recommended. This not only gently and effectively cleanses the skin, but the protein also promotes cell renewal.
Lactoferrin profile
INCI: Lactoferrin
CAS number: 936541-36-5
Alternative name: Lactotransferrin
Extraction: usually from cow’s milk
Description: an endogenous, iron-binding protein that is structurally similar to the iron transport protein transferrin but has a significantly higher affinity for iron
Appearance: a white to slightly yellow powder
Effects: antibacterial, can inhibit viral infections, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, regulates iron transport
Possible applications: in cosmetic products for blemished, mature and/or dry skin
Cosmetics with lactoferrin: high-quality, gentle and effective
Conclusion
At first glance, applying cosmetic products containing an active ingredient derived from cow’s milk to the skin may seem strange. However, on closer inspection, it becomes clear that lactoferrin has numerous properties that benefit the skin. We already find the protein in many cosmetic products, especially in exclusive and sophisticated ones. Cosmacon would be happy to develop modern formulations with lactoferrin for you: If you are interested, just contact us!
Literature:
The Lactoferrin Phenomenon-A Miracle Molecule.