{"id":19167,"date":"2026-03-23T06:00:48","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T05:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/?p=19167"},"modified":"2025-11-18T12:18:11","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T11:18:11","slug":"green-coffee-oil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/","title":{"rendered":"Green coffee oil"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Green coffee oil: A powerful all-rounder for cosmetics and skin care<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The world of natural cosmetics is rich in innovative active ingredients that are not only skin-friendly, but also sustainable and effective. One of these remarkable ingredients is green coffee oil\u2014a plant-based oil with amazing effects on skin and hair. In this article, we would like to introduce you to this active ingredient in detail, highlight its advantages and potential disadvantages, discuss its physical and chemical properties, and suggest ideas for how it can be used in cosmetic products.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is green coffee oil?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Green coffee oil is extracted from the unroasted seeds of the Coffea arabica coffee plant. This plant grows in tropical regions around the world, particularly in Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. Coffea arabica reaches a height of up to five meters, prefers humid, warm climates with well-drained soil, and requires a lot of rainfall. It usually flowers after the rainy season, and the fruits\u2014known as coffee cherries\u2014are harvested after about nine months.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The unroasted beans contain a higher concentration of bioactive substances than roasted beans, as many valuable substances are lost during roasting. For this reason, green coffee oil is considered particularly nutritious and skin-nourishing.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production of green coffee oil<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The oil is extracted from the seeds of the Coffea arabica plant using a gentle cold-pressing process. This method is particularly good at preserving sensitive ingredients such as antioxidants, unsaturated fatty acids, and secondary plant substances. Green coffee oil is rich in unsaponifiable components such as cafestol and kahweol, as well as linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and other valuable lipids.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Benefits of green coffee oil<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Green coffee oil has numerous benefits for skin and hair care:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>High antioxidant content:<\/strong>\u00a0With an ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) value of around 2500, it protects the skin from free radicals and oxidative stress.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Anti-aging properties:<\/strong>\u00a0The diterpenes it contains (cafestol, kahweol) have anti-inflammatory effects, protect against DNA damage, and support cell renewal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Moisturizing:<\/strong>\u00a0The rich fatty acid composition helps to strengthen the skin barrier and bind moisture for long-lasting hydration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Hair care effect:<\/strong>\u00a0Green coffee oil can improve hair structure, strengthen hair, and prevent split ends, especially in damaged hair.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Promotes hair growth:<\/strong>\u00a0Studies suggest that the extracts stimulate hair growth and can help with androgenetic alopecia.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disadvantages of green coffee oil<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite its many positive properties, green coffee oil also has a few minor limitations:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Price:<\/strong>\u00a0Cold pressing and limited availability can make the oil more expensive than conventional vegetable oils.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Smell:<\/strong>\u00a0The characteristic, slightly bitter smell of the oil may not be to everyone&#8217;s taste, but it can be mitigated by adding perfume or combining it with other oils.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Sensitivity to oxidation:<\/strong>\u00a0As it contains many unsaturated fatty acids, it should be stored away from light and oxygen to prevent it from becoming rancid.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cosmetic applications<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thanks to its versatile properties, green coffee oil is ideal for numerous cosmetic products:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Anti-aging face cream<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The combination of antioxidants, fatty acids, and diterpenes makes green coffee oil a perfect ingredient for creams designed to combat skin aging.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Moisturizing serum<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a moisture booster, the oil can penetrate deep into the skin and reduce transepidermal water loss\u2014ideal for dry or stressed skin types.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Hair serum or mask<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When used regularly, the oil can strengthen hair, add shine, and prevent breakage. It is also ideal for scalp care.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Lip care<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to its high lipid concentration, it is well suited as a base for nourishing lip balms that also offer antioxidant protection.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Body oils and massage products<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its light texture and nourishing properties make it the ideal choice for luxurious body care products.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effectiveness and recommended concentration<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For cosmetic applications, a concentration of 1 to 5% is recommended. According to supplier documentation and practical applications, this dosage already shows very good moisturizing and antioxidant effects. In hair care products, an even higher concentration of up to 10% can be used, especially in leave-in serums or intensive care treatments.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemical-physical properties \u2013 profile<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>INCI:<\/strong>\u00a0Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Oil<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Synonyms:<\/strong>\u00a0Green Coffee Oil, Virgin Green Coffee Oil<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Appearance:<\/strong>\u00a0Oily, oligoviscous liquid<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Color:<\/strong>\u00a0Dark greenish-brown<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Odor:<\/strong>\u00a0Characteristic, vegetal<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Physical state:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid at room temperature<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Melting point:<\/strong>\u00a0Not precisely defined, liquid from approx. 25 \u00b0C<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Acid number:<\/strong>\u00a0\u2264 5.0 mg KOH\/g<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Peroxide value:<\/strong>\u00a0\u2264 10.0 meq O\u2082\/kg<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Moisture content:<\/strong>\u00a0\u2264 2.0% (according to Karl Fischer method)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Solubility:<\/strong>\u00a0Insoluble in water, highly soluble in fats and oils<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Main fatty acids:<\/strong>\u00a0Palmitic acid (~40%), linoleic acid (~38%), oleic acid (~8%)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Non-saponifiable components:<\/strong>\u00a0Approx. 10% (including cafestol and kahweol)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>ORAC value:<\/strong>\u00a0approx. 2500 (high antioxidant capacity)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conclusion: Green coffee oil as a powerful natural active ingredient<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Green coffee oil is a promising active ingredient with a wide range of applications. It is suitable for sophisticated anti-aging care as well as for moisturizing or hair care products. Thanks to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it supports skin regeneration and protection. Despite minor disadvantages, the positive effects clearly outweigh them.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cosmacon GmbH: Your partner for innovative products<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Green coffee oil is a valuable ingredient for companies that want to offer high-quality natural cosmetics. Cosmacon GmbH is happy to<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/contact\/enquiry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> help you<\/a> develop innovative formulations that rely on this versatile raw material. Whether face cream, hair care, or body oil\u2014we work with you to design modern, effective, and brand-enhancing products based on green coffee oil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rely on the power of nature\u2014with Cosmacon and green coffee oil!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>When products are needed quickly:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2728 Our partner <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tojocosmetics.de\/en\/produkte\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tojo Cosmetics<\/a> offers innovative, active ingredient-rich private label products \u2013 quickly available, high quality and perfect for brands that want to impress with passion and quality.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Green coffee oil: A powerful all-rounder for cosmetics and skin care The world of natural cosmetics is rich in innovative active ingredients that are not only skin-friendly, but also sustainable and effective. One of these remarkable ingredients is green coffee oil\u2014a plant-based oil with amazing effects on skin and hair. In this article, we would&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19169,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>reen Coffee Oil \u2013 Powerful Natural Active for Skin &amp; Hair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover green coffee oil: rich in antioxidants, moisturizing, anti-aging, and ideal for skin and hair care formulations.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"reen Coffee Oil \u2013 Powerful Natural Active for Skin &amp; Hair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover green coffee oil: rich in antioxidants, moisturizing, anti-aging, and ideal for skin and hair care formulations.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cosmacon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-23T05:00:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil-1404x996.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1404\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"996\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rainer Kr\u00f6pke\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rainer Kr\u00f6pke\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rainer Kr\u00f6pke\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#\/schema\/person\/f6447a68eec58a0e3fcec193ccdb398f\"},\"headline\":\"Green coffee oil\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-23T05:00:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/\"},\"wordCount\":944,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Allgemein\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/\",\"name\":\"reen Coffee Oil \u2013 Powerful Natural Active for Skin & Hair\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-23T05:00:48+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#\/schema\/person\/f6447a68eec58a0e3fcec193ccdb398f\"},\"description\":\"Discover green coffee oil: rich in antioxidants, moisturizing, anti-aging, and ideal for skin and hair care formulations.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil.jpeg\",\"width\":4870,\"height\":3456,\"caption\":\"Green coffee beans background.\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/\",\"name\":\"Cosmacon\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#\/schema\/person\/f6447a68eec58a0e3fcec193ccdb398f\",\"name\":\"Rainer Kr\u00f6pke\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"reen Coffee Oil \u2013 Powerful Natural Active for Skin & Hair","description":"Discover green coffee oil: rich in antioxidants, moisturizing, anti-aging, and ideal for skin and hair care formulations.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"reen Coffee Oil \u2013 Powerful Natural Active for Skin & Hair","og_description":"Discover green coffee oil: rich in antioxidants, moisturizing, anti-aging, and ideal for skin and hair care formulations.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/","og_site_name":"Cosmacon","article_published_time":"2026-03-23T05:00:48+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1404,"height":996,"url":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil-1404x996.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Rainer Kr\u00f6pke","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rainer Kr\u00f6pke","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/"},"author":{"name":"Rainer Kr\u00f6pke","@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#\/schema\/person\/f6447a68eec58a0e3fcec193ccdb398f"},"headline":"Green coffee oil","datePublished":"2026-03-23T05:00:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/"},"wordCount":944,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil.jpeg","articleSection":["Allgemein"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/","url":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/","name":"reen Coffee Oil \u2013 Powerful Natural Active for Skin & Hair","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil.jpeg","datePublished":"2026-03-23T05:00:48+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#\/schema\/person\/f6447a68eec58a0e3fcec193ccdb398f"},"description":"Discover green coffee oil: rich in antioxidants, moisturizing, anti-aging, and ideal for skin and hair care formulations.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/green-coffee-oil\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Green-Coffee-Oil.jpeg","width":4870,"height":3456,"caption":"Green coffee beans background."},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/","name":"Cosmacon","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/#\/schema\/person\/f6447a68eec58a0e3fcec193ccdb398f","name":"Rainer Kr\u00f6pke"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19167"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19171,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19167\/revisions\/19171"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmacon.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}